Jane Austins Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austin Pride Prejudice

Jane Austins self-conceit and PrejudiceAttitudes to love and marriage in the nineteenth century was verydifferent from the comparatively liberal approach of today, and strictcodes of etiquette were employ to Courtship for all but the lowerclasses of society.At the time of Pride and Prejudice, womens role was firmly in thehome and the young ladies portrayed in this oculus and upper class,occupied themselves with singing, playing the piano, sewing and othersuch accomplishments that would enhance their prospects of suitablemarriage.Courtship was almost a formal procedure, and often engineered byparents, wishing a suitable match. Jane Austin demonstrates this whenBingley, a rich bachelor, is quickly drawn into the Bennett family onhis arrival at Netherfield Park. The book also shows the intricaciesof meeting and socialising the Bennett sisters with prospectivesuitors and the restraints of withholding any affections until afteran engagement.If a couple were to exchange gift, escort on e another in carriages ortouch intimately they were assumed, engaged.However, in Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austin also wishes to illustratethe desire of young charwoman to choice lifelong partners for love andcompatibility, rather than arranged marriages which are set up forconsiderations of riches and social standing.A lot of woman in these days were classed in gentry and were almostentirely dependant on men. However if a woman did not marry she reliedfinancially on her male relatives. They were allowed, employment as agoverness but this was viewed as an unsatisfactory way of life.If a woman was proposed to and jilted marriage she would keep themans failure to herself. She might tell her ... ...dmanagement(Ch.19 p.319). Mary became more sociable Mary was obligedto mix with the world (Ch.19 p.319).Jane Austen has used sense of humor to show us how silly some of the peoplewere in Pride and Prejudice like Mrs Bennets obsession with marriageof her daughters, Mr Collins Pompous cha racter and how lady CatherineDe Bough is so snobbish and nosy. Then she uses ViewsOf society and rituals of courtship to show the way people lived andto compare it to our lifestyles today. Finally she used Omniscientnarrator to show us what the characters are really like and to expressher views through them. Love and marriage was very tangled in thosedays because of strict rules. In the book notwithstanding they overcame theobstacles of marriage, which changed all of them making them happy orunhappy, but Lizzy and Darcy were happy, as they loved each other verymuch.

Essays --

Sex- Based Migration in Black Bears (Ursus americanus) IntroductionUrsus americanus, the American black bear is the virtually common of the worlds bear species, about up to twelve times more abundant than grizzly or brown bears. They usually call for forested areas but their habitats are highly variable from the Louisiana Bayou to the Labrador Tundra, and the Northwestern rain forests in between. (Wilson & Ruff, 1999) American black bears are hunted legally seasonally due to their widespread people and distribution. However, with the incr shut up in deforestation for industrialization in the Tri-State (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania) area, the habitat loss could have adverse effects on the black bear populations. An interference with their natural territory could lead to alteration in the dispersal patterns. (Dixon, Wooten, McCown, Oli, Eason, & Cunningham, 2007)Black bears are omnivorous and although a part of their pabulum consists of meat and insects, they primarily rely on fruits and nuts for their diet. Therefore, a plants annual cycle of fruiting is tied to a bears annual behavior and its physiological cycle. (Wilson & Ruff, 1999) Bears tend to congregate and gather in an area with an abundance of food and occasionally return time and again to areas with ease of access to foods- like dumpsters. (North American Bear Center) Despite this, black bear dispersal is not reliant on local food shortages in population densities that have been observed. (Rogers, 1987)There are other factors influencing the dispersal and migrations of black bears which have been studied. Urus americanus are not known to monogamous and mate promiscuously. (Rogers, 1987) Males mate with more than one female and disperse more, sometimes looking for oth... ... cubs will be expected to be found closer to or at their initial class range.If however, a larger number of female bears DNA is collected farther than their home ranges, it could imply that previous studies bases solely on notice or mark and recapture methods were inaccurate due to the limited populations that were sampled. An observation of this nature could imply that sows dispersed farther in search for new twain or safer dens for their cubs rather than males who were expected to wander away. More likely though, this observation could be an exception to the rule or just flawed collection and impact techniques. Providing that the poll conducted is not faulty, it will supply important information regarding dispersal patters of the American black bear. Even the data gathered in the course of this study can be used for further research on Ursus americanus.

African Creation Stories :: African Culture Creation Tales Essays

African Creation StoriesSince the beginning of humankind, there has been one common thread that ties together all(a) cultures and religions of the world an attempt to explain their origins. this holds admittedly for the numerous religious groups existing on the African continent. In the absence of science, they resorted to creating stories to account for what they did not and could not understand. While similar in their basic physique and theory, these stories varies greatly in their content and meaning. By studying them, much can be learned about the African people of the present and past. The Shilluks of the Nile region, for example, tell a story in which humankind is fashioned out of clay. In each region of the world in which the creator traveled, he created humans from the materials available, making most white, others red or brown, and the Shilluk black. He then took a piece of earth and gave them arms, eyes, etc. This story says much about their values and culture. In distr ibuting the characteristics to man, he chose rootage to give them the ability to do work through the use of their arms and legs. They were then given the ability to see and taste their food. Finally, they were given speech and interview with which to entertain oneself (An African Story). This shows the value system at work among the Shilluk, that work comes above all else. It also attempts to explain the differences between men of several(a) races by telling of how they came about. A West African creation tale explains how two spirit people were accidentally sent down to earth by the sky god. Lonely, the people decided to create children from clay, but feel they must hide them when the sky god comes down. Because they are hidden in fire, the children soon bias to various shades based on how long they had been exposed to the heat. Over time, these clay children grow up and move to various regions of the earth, ultimately populating it (Fader). Much alike(p) that of the Shillu k people, this story serves a two-fold purpose it explains both the creation of man as well as accounts for the differences among him. This tale shows the West Africans value these differences because they feel that all men are created equal and should be treated as such. The Boshongo, a central Bantu tribe of the Lunda Cluster, tell a different story.

Personal Narrative - Knee Injury Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- Knee InjuryI was always an active person from being in sports to hanging out with friends. I always had something planned, or came up with something on the fly. My junior year in high school was a very hooligan time for me. I was involved in a lot of activities, organizations, and clubs. I was very active in one organization where I had to be up at school every morning at 715 for that meeting. Meaning I would not leave school sometimes until 645 to 700 in the evening. On the weekends I would have something to do either with friends or family. I would never go a weekend with nothing to do. every I was out running errands or at the mall buying some new clothes.The problem came in on November 22, 2000 at an away naughty at North Side High. It was the third quarter ...

Huntingtons Disease :: essays research papers

Huntingtons DiseaseHuntingtons disease, or Huntngtons chorea, is a genetic disease thatcauses selective neural cell death, which results in chorea, or irregular,jerking movements of the limbs caused by involuntary muscle contractions, anddementia. It can cause a lack of concentration and depression. It also maycause atrophy of the caudate nucleus, a part of the brain. However, symptomsvary between individuals, with some sufferers put downing symptoms that others donot. Those suffering from Huntingtons disease normally begin displayingsymptoms between the ages of 30 and 50, but has been known to show itself inpeople as young as two and as old as 80.Huntingtons disease is inehrited from one of the victims parents.Since the gene for HD is dominant, there is a 50% chance of a sufferersoffspring inheriting the disease. Because a victim usually does not begin todisplay symptoms until after the period in which he or she would have childrenand the disease may have been misdiagnosed in ear lier generations as Parkinsonsdisease or other similar affliction, he or she readiness pass along the gene withouteven knowing it.The gene for Huntingtons disease is located on the short arm ofchromosome four in cytogenetic luck 4p16.3. It was first identified in 1993.While everyone posseses this gene, in someone suffering from Huntingtonsdisease, the number of repeats of a certain trinucleotide, cytozine-adenine-guanine (CAG), is much larger than what it is in a normal person. In an averageperson, the number of repeats is between 9 and 37. But is a sufferer of HD, therepeat count is from 37 to 86. While nobody has launch a direct correlationbetween the number of repeats and the age when symptoms appear, there isevidence that people with very high numbers of repeats contract the rarer early-onset Huntingtons disease, which usually affects people under the age of 20.It is estimated that between .1 and 10 % of people who suffer from Huntingtonsdisease have obtained it through new m utations.There are three divers(prenominal) tests for Huntingtons disease. The first,presymptomatic testing, is for people who are at risk for the disease. Thesecond, prenatal testing, is a testing of a fetus at risk for the disease. Thethird type of testing, verificatory testing, is used on someone suspected ofhaving Huntingtons disease.Treatment of Huntingtons disease usually involves counciling andeducation about the disease of both the family and the patient. Since thesymptoms are so varied in both type and severeness from patient to patient,medical treatment must be individualized.Depression, a common symptom, is usually treated with tricyclic

Huntingtons Disease :: essays research papers

Huntingtons DiseaseHuntingtons disease, or Huntngtons chorea, is a genetic disease thatcauses selective neural cell death, which results in chorea, or irregular,jerking movements of the limbs caused by involuntary muscle contractions, anddementia. It can cause a lack of concentration and depression. It also maycause atrophy of the caudate nucleus, a part of the brain. However, symptomsvary between individuals, with some sufferers channeliseing symptoms that others donot. Those suffering from Huntingtons disease normally begin displayingsymptoms between the ages of 30 and 50, but has been known to show itself inpeople as young as two and as old as 80.Huntingtons disease is inehrited from one of the victims parents.Since the gene for HD is dominant, there is a 50% chance of a sufferersoffspring inheriting the disease. Because a victim usually does not begin todisplay symptoms until after the period in which he or she would have childrenand the disease may have been misdiagnosed in e arlier generations as Parkinsonsdisease or other similar affliction, he or she king pass along the gene withouteven knowing it.The gene for Huntingtons disease is located on the short arm ofchromosome four in cytogenetic bind 4p16.3. It was first identified in 1993.While everyone posseses this gene, in someone suffering from Huntingtonsdisease, the number of repeats of a certain trinucleotide, cytozine-adenine-guanine (CAG), is much larger than what it is in a normal person. In an averageperson, the number of repeats is between 9 and 37. But is a sufferer of HD, therepeat count is from 37 to 86. While nobody has launch a direct correlationbetween the number of repeats and the age when symptoms appear, there isevidence that people with very high numbers of repeats contract the rarer early-onset Huntingtons disease, which usually affects people under the age of 20.It is estimated that between .1 and 10 % of people who suffer from Huntingtonsdisease have obtained it through new muta tions.There are three diametric tests for Huntingtons disease. The first,presymptomatic testing, is for people who are at risk for the disease. Thesecond, prenatal testing, is a testing of a fetus at risk for the disease. Thethird type of testing, validating testing, is used on someone suspected ofhaving Huntingtons disease.Treatment of Huntingtons disease usually involves counciling andeducation about the disease of both the family and the patient. Since thesymptoms are so varied in both type and severeness from patient to patient,medical treatment must be individualized.Depression, a common symptom, is usually treated with tricyclic

Self Reliance Rhetorical Analysis

Self-Reliance is a series of loosely related thoughts and extracts from lectures and journals that Ralph Wald Emerson has written in the past. by means of the use of the classical argument, imagery, and many other rhetorical devices, Emerson makes such(prenominal) a convincing case that a person from almost any background would square up it difficult to disagree with him. Emerson wrote this taste is to teach a lesson. He argues to the reader to trust themselves and to not conform to the standards of others. Emerson tells his audience, Absolve you to yourself, and you shall have the suffrage of the creative activity.This means that you must first have approval and support of yourself, and then you will gain approval of the world. The purpose of this essay, pertaining to any audience, is to show that a person needs to mother his own truth, and have confidence or self-reliance in themselves. The author adds pathos to his essay by evoking the personal prejudices and biases of the a udience. Pathos stands out most in his essay, as it contains a lot of emotional conflicts that we all face at some point or other in our lives. Self- Reliance is sprinkled with memorable sayings cognize as aphorisms.These are brief statements that express a general principle or truth about life. A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of the lilliputian minds is a very popular aphorism Emerson uses in his essay. He adds logos, or reason, to his essay by giving examples of arguments that people face with themselves and others, and rationally explaining how we should deal with these struggles. Emerson adds ethos to his essay by referencing to well known people in history. He states that Luther, Socrates, Galileo, Newton, Pythagoras, Copernicus, andJesus were all great minds that were misunderstood. By referencing to these people, he established credibility, as his audience is most belike familiar with the struggles and triumphs of a few or more of these people in history. Emerson us es a unique style of diction in this essay. He uses words such as thyself, bestowed, and arduous. To us his word choice seems to be very formal. We may even call it archaic, or out dated. But we must deem in mind that he was a 1 9th century writer, and this choice of words was probably ore common at the time he wrote this essay.Emerson uses a military of tropes in his essay. For example, he uses the metaphors envy is ignorance and imitation is suicide to explain what every man feels at some point in his life. As stated earlier, Emerson uses quaternate aphorisms in this essay. His aphorisms proclaim his radical ideas in clear, concise sentences. His idea about consistency, for example, is distilled into one easy-to-remember aphorism, and is thereby amortized. In his essay, the author also says that, For nonconformity the world whips you with its displeasure. This is personification. What Emerson is severe to say is that there is common belief that if you are a nonconformist, mean ing you do not follow generally accepted beliefs, then everyone in the world will think badly of you. Emerson does not believe this to be so. Emerson uses symbols and imagery of nature to support his claim of individuality. The over soul is one key part that Emerson illustrates in his essay, meaning that a person should look deep inside his heart and find his own truth.

English is a second language Essay

For m any poets, position is a second language. Many poets feel trapped between both cultures. demand 3 poems we have studied which show this. The collection of three poems I have chosen to use give an in-depth incite into the fears and feelings that an outsider goes through later on settling in to a new country. The cultural differences between the poets home countries and their new home country be pursue very clear and this major life change is mainly what fuels their discontent. All three of the poems give the impression that the poet is unattached and that they feel as if they ar not a member of any nation.All these problems are shown in the three poems and by the end of each poem the commentator almost feels as if they have some role to rook in this person feeling so al angiotensin converting enzyme. The first of the three poems is called, Search for my tongue, and it is about the poet searching herself for her set out tongue. The poem starts with a sense of bereavement as the poet mourns the loss of her mother tongue. The first few lines give the sense that the poet is proud of her root and that her mother tongue is hotshot of the only things left that attaches her to her home country.Her feelings towards her roots are strong and in the last few lines of the play we see how deep her roots go. The poem describes how her new language has starved her old one and how she strives to be able to speak as fluently as before. She seems to almost feel hate towards the new language that has starved her much loved mother tongue. She uses blunt sensual expressions to describe her emotional turmoil which shows how much her mother tongue means to her. Mother tongue would rot. Rot and die in your mouth, until you had to cough up it out. The whole mood of the poem changes during the line, I thought I spit out but over night while I dream, it grows back, The but is icy in this line as it swings the mood of the poem around completely. The return of the mother to ngue is signified by the six lines of translated Arab compete with phonetic expressions for the reviewers benefit. After this section of Arab text the poem suddenly springs into life. The sudden reappearance of the mother tongue is described using spring imagery. This may be used to signify the blossoming of her mother tongue after being dormant through the dark winter.This new soft and gentile comment of her feelings is a tidy sum different from the dark, harsh description that was existent at the start of the poem. This shows that when she has her mother tongue at her disposal she feels more relaxed and a lot happier with her new surroundings. The mother tongue gives her a feeling of a greater identity and a little bit of her past culture may patron soften her evident homesickness. Half Caste, is a poem which takes on the term Half Cast and the feelings that go through the mind of an half(a) cast person. at that place is a great feeling of entrapment as the reader reads this p oem as the poet comes across as being slightly aggressive and he uses the word, You which automatically accuses the reader not a selected minority. This direct approach shows that this person is angry at the entire nation and that their frustration is down to the British people labelling people half caste. He uses phonetic language throughout the poem and that its like hes teasing people who debate hes only half-caste.He uses comedy but at the same time he is teasing the reader as he is making people think again about how half caste doesnt mean half minded. At the start of the poem he says, Excuse me standing on one leg, im half caste, This quote is written to be slightly ironic as throughout the rest of the poem he questions the disagreement against half-caste people. It also seems to be the poets English half as in the next paragraph the text changes and it becomes clear that this is his Caribbean half. The way in which this poem is written shows the personality split that the p oet essential feel.Sometimes he may feel proud to be English and another day he may be ashamed to be Caribbean and misdeed versa. Throughout the poem the vocabulary, explain yuself, is repeated many times and it shows that he is disgraced by the actions of the reader and that he wants some reason to why he is subject to being tossed into a separate group to the average Englishman. He shows that a commonly used word like Half Caste derriere be hurtful to someone of a mixed race. The poet is similar to the poet in the first poem because they both feel disjointed from their backgrounds and they both have come from different countries.Search for my tongue, and ,Half Caste, both deal with different problems when migrating to a new country. Search for my tongue, deals with the torment of losing touch with your past language and culture. Half Caste, deals with the discrimination against foreigners which is mostly spoken by people who dont believe they have said anything wrong. This u nawareness to the hurt such a widely excepted phrase like Half Caste can cause someone needs to be improved and Half Caste, highlights this. The third poem, Presents from my aunts in Pakistan. is similar to the other two as the poet feel alienated from her past home and her present home. The quote, I was alien in the living room. The poets unease opening her presents shows that she feels she doesnt live to that culture anymore. The fact that she is half English makes her feel that she isnt Pakistani enough to be able to were these clothes. The fact that she is half cast makes her feel detached from both her current and her past cultures. She is stuck in the middle of two worlds, much like John Agard in the poem, Half cast.As the poem goes on the poet searches her memory for any hints towards her past. Her memories of Pakistan to her are properly one of the most important things she has as they confirm her identity. Her Aunts gifts bring out a reaction in her relay station which s hows the large cultural differences between the two countries. The quote, Didnt impress the school friend who sat on my bed, asked to see my weekend clothes, shows that to the English friend her Pakistani clothes were boring and she asked to see her casual wear instead of admiring the dazzling colour.In Pakistan these clothes would be rated very highly amongst teenagers and this huge difference in opinions give her a option, to be a English girl or a Pakistani girl. This indecision shows how she is stuck between two cultures. The poem says that she longs for denim and construct indicating her English side, but she also wants her parents Pakistani camel skin lamp. When the lamp is switched on, it shows a wonderful array of colours, but when its off it becomes dull.Maybe this represents the colourfulness of the Pakistani culture in comparison with the colourless English culture. In conclusion these three poems give the reader a different view of people who are half-caste or who have emigrated to a different country. They show the torment of not being fully attached to a certain culture and also the short letter of adapting to a new language and a new culture. The poets of these three poems help the reader consider issues that they would have never thought about before for representative the offence of being called Half-Caste.

Italian Immigration vs Irish Immigration

This paper will contrast the two dominant populations of immigrants to the joined States in the 19th and early 20th carbon. These two groups of immigrants were from Italy and Ireland. The reasons both of these groups immigrated to the linked States are very similar, but their cultures were vastly different, and the marks they left on our society are still felt to this day. At the beginning of the 19th century the dominant industry of Ireland was agriculture. Large areas of the country were under the control of landowners living in England.Much of this land was rented to sm any farmers who, because of a lack of capital, farmed with antiquated implements and use outdated methods. The land was unable to sustain the population and many began to look for new lands to live. In 1816 around 6,000 Irish people sailed for America. Within two years this figure had doubled. Early arrivals were recruited to build canals and do otherwise labor intensive jobs. In 1818 everywhere 3,000 Irish l aborers were employed building the Erie Canal. By 1826 around 5,000 were functional on four separate canal projects.The peak of Irish immigration occurred in the 1840s, when half of all immigrants to the United States came from Ireland. Ireland had the highest population density in all of Europe during this time period, but the country was unable to sustain its citizens. This resulted in widespread starvation and difficult living conditions, and many Irish immigrants chose to leave their mother country and make their way in America. In 1850 there were 960,000 people in the United States that had emigrated from Ireland. The vast majority lived in New York, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Illinois, Ohio and New Jersey.The Irish Immigrant fraternity tried to persuade immigrants to move to other parts of the United States, but the vast majority were very poor, and had no money for transportation or to debase land. They therefore tended to settle close to their port of entry into the Un ited States. One of the largest factors in the large numbers of Irish Immigrants was a serious disease modify Irish potatoes, which ruined about 75% of the countrys crop. This was a major disaster because over four million people in Ireland depended on the potato as their main food.The disease returned in 1846 and over the next year an estimated 350,000 people died of starvation and an outbreak of typhus also decimated the population. Despite good potato crops over the next four years, people continued to die from rampant diseases, and in 1851 the Census Commissioners estimated that nearly a million people had died during the Irish food crisis. The Irish food shortage stimulated a desire to immigrate. By the end of 1854 nearly two million people (about a quarter of the population) had immigrated to the United States. another(prenominal) major factor for mass immigration was the political situation under British rule.Many bad political decisions made by the British, affected the fi ctional character of life of the Irish citizens and contributed to the massive disease outbreaks and crop failures. The dream of many Irishmen was the chance to own their own land. Freedom and a democratic government that promised a voice in their government also had a romantic appeal to the hordes of Irish Immigrants. Religious freedom was another important factor. Of course it was really operose for new Irish immigrants in the US, but they proved themselves to be a hardy and resilient group of people. Thousands of Irish laborers worked on building the railroads in the United States.Some were able to save enough money to buy land and establish themselves as farmers along the routes they had helped to develop. This was especially true of Illinois and by 1860 there were 87,000 Irish people living in this state. Other Irish immigrants became coalminers in Pennsylvania. Working conditions in the mines were terrible with no safety necessitatements, no official inspections and no suit able ventilation. When workers were mistreated for trade union activity, they formed a secret society called the Molly Maguires. Named after an anti-landlord organization in Ireland, the group attempted to frighten mine-owners and their supporters.The group was not broken-up until 1875. The Irish tended to support the Democratic Party rather than the Republican Party. They had little sympathy for slaves as they feared that if they were given their freedom they would move north and expose the jobs being done by Irish immigrants. However, on the outbreak of the Civil War general an estimated 170,000 men born in Ireland joined the Union Army, whereas provided 40,000 were in the Confederate Army. One Irish immigrant, Thomas Meagher, became a highly successful general in the war. Before 1870, there were few Italian immigrants in the United States.Italy was one of the most populated countries in Europe and many began to consider the possibility of leaving Italy to escape low wages, high taxes and little hazard to better themselves. Most of these immigrants were uneducated and from rural communities. From 1890 to 1900, around 650,000 Italian immigrants arrived in the United States, of whom two-thirds were men. Most planned to return to Italy once they had built up slightly savings, but many realized the opportunities that existed in their new country and sent for their families to join them.The earliest Italian immigrants to the United States were from Northern Italy, who became prominent as produce merchants in New York and wine growers in California. Later, more and more immigrants came from Southern Italy and the communities and institutions they formed reflected the regions of Italy they came from. The main push factor for Italians was poor economic opportunities in Italy during this period, particularly in the southern regions, and pull factor of easily obtainable jobs in the United States.Italians settled in cities and often dominated specific neighborhoo ds, called Little Italys, where they could second with one another and find favorite foods. Most arrived with little cash or education since most had been peasant farmers in Italy. They lacked craft skills, and therefore mostly performed manual labor. With a strong interest in food, they became fruit peddlers and gardeners, and opened neighborhood groceries and restaurants that catered to fellow Italians. Most Italians found unskilled work in Americas cities. at that place were large colonies in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore and Detroit. From 1900 to 1910 over 2,100,000 arrived. Of these, around 40% eventually returned to Italy. Willing to work long hours on low wages, the Italians now began to rival the Irish for much of the unskilled work available in industrial areas. This sometimes led to hostilities breaking out between the two groups of workers. Italian neighborhoods were typically one-time(a) areas with overcrowded houses and poor sanitation. Tuberculosis was very common.Italian immigration peaked from 1900 until 1914. In the American South, Italian immigrants met hostility and violence, sometimes even becoming the victims of violent crimes from other immigrant populations who resented the vast numbers of them invading their communities and taking jobs and resources away. For Italians, like other immigrant groups, politics, entertainment, sports, crime, and especially small business served as ladders for upward mobility. Italian American politicians, however, were hindered by a lack of ethnic organization.Italian Americans achieved notable success in both classical and popular music. Italian Americans were particularly successful in areas that did not require extensive formal education such as sales and small business ownership. In conclusion, The United States has greatly benefited from the many contributions of both Irish and Italian Immigrants. They have been instrumental in helping to build the infrastructure of the United States dur ing the 19th and 20th century, and both of their cultures have been woven into the basic lifestyles that most of us enjoy today.Referencewww.latinamericanstudies.org/italian-immigrants.htm

Cross Cultural Understanding Essay

The first culture that would be considered as a client for this paper is a nonage culture of Asian the Statesns in the United States. Statistically, Asian-Americans compose the fourth largest cultural group in America. However, their cultural group is importantly far from the third iodin which are the Latin American residents of the plain.Also, an important refer to get word for the Asian-American culture in the United States is that although they are American citizens and are classified under Asian descent, their cultural group and contents as m some(prenominal) countries belong to Asia such as Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese, Koreans, Japanese (Zhang, Snowden, & Sue, 1998). However, recently, although there has been a steady influx of Asian nationals who hold up migrated to the United States in order to find pretend, family, or both other purpose, there is also a category within the Asian-American community those who have been descendents of Asians in the country.However, at le ast for this paper, those two subcategories of Asian-American shall be considered together. For this minority cultural group, we shall approach to the discussion from the point of estimate of Jessica. Jessica is a Filipino who has migrated to the United States five long time ago and whose current occupation is a household domestic helper for a middle-class family in the country.Like many other Filipinos in circumstance like many other Asians who have migrated to the United States, although their cultural beliefs have been associated by many people in the country to be either Buddhist, talents, or any one and only(a) of the far Eastern religions, Jessica is actually a Roman Catholic. Being a Roman Catholic, she has the duties and responsibilities of going to Mass every Sunday and beliefs any many of the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, although some of the beliefs are culturally different from Roman Catholics in the United States because of her Filipino roots.Also, she was educated up to first-year college in our community patronage in the Philippines and is a mother of three children who have stayed back in the country and who, at least according to her, she wants to migrate to America over the next years if her savings from her current occupation of as. Her husband is also backing her home base country. Having extremely powerful family values, her daughter the eldest of her children his visualize to go to the United States early next year to start studying here as a scholarship that has been granted to her by the local Filipino community and support group.Jessica, being a resident of the United States and belong to any minority cultural community in the country, is of course authorise to find out neighborly support as is recommended, documented, and legislated by that countrys brass (Brown & James, 2000). However, this is not the only reason why Jessica is receiving social go. The fact that she belongs to a minority cultural community in the United States reflects that she is an individual is limping in a different cultural background than what she had been used to back in her home country.In fact, back in the Philippines, living far from the urban metropolis and in the rural areas of the country, Jessica, whenever she feels an ailment, does not immediately go to the local hospital not only because of the veritable expenses that are required in order to receive aesculapian checkup treatment, but also because of the long-standing cultural belief that before any medical help and aid is taken and listed by citizens, the first somebody that one approaches is the local healers of the community (Monzon, 1995).Therefore, here, living in the United States, Jessica suddenly finds herself in situations where he and if she has medical ailments, problems, or evening minor conditions something which is usually felt particularly when in the industry of domestic and household work she does not recognize that she is entitle d to various medical rights as she is a taxpayer of the country. And because of the lack of the local healers of the local residents in the United States, Jessica only seeks medical attention when the ailment that she feels reaches an unbearable solid ground.If Jessica was back in the Philippines, although she would have certainly received social welfare and social work services, she would have had local support and be familiar with the system of medical treatment in our country. However, now, being the United States, her problem is that such medical attention is daunting in particular for a migrant worker in the country who knows that her income in salary is relatively low compared to other citizens (Huang & Yeoh, 1996).The availability of social work not only for medical access but also for development regarding what the hell services of the country can offer becomes essential in her case and the many other domestic helpers that belong to Asian-American communities in the count ry. The second person that we take into consideration is an individual named Lucas. Lucas, however, is not the real name of the client for reasons that shall be evident.Lucas belongs to a cultural majority in the United States African-Americans who have incorporated themselves from family, to environment, culture, and even to work, in greater metro polyps and areas in the United States today. Lucas is 24 years old and works in an advertising agency in one of the many public relations groups in the city. Also, he is single and living separately from his family with an income that current income brackets would classify as under the middle-class.He has received a university education from one of the local state colleges and is planning on taking up a Masters degree in journalism for public chat in the next two years. Also, Lucas is a Baptist Christian and belongs to a tightknit community of families that practice the faith. However, not known to his family members and as he has only revealed to a a couple of(prenominal) people, Lucas is homosexual and has known this for quite some time. He regularly undergoes sexual encounters with men in and around his age belonging to all kinds of races and cultures.Recently, Lucas, upon receiving medical checkup and blood test as well as an advice from one of his sexual partners as discovered that he has the human immunodeficiency virus virus and that his CD4 count is already infra 300. The CD4 count is a indicator of the number of white blood cells a person has. A person without HIV or does not have any immune system problems will usually have 700 to 1000 CD4 count in their blood . Even individuals who have assure HIV virus do not necessarily have to take medication as long as they are CD4 count remains above 300(Solomon et al. , 1998).However, once this number is breached, certain doses of medication have to be taken every day at a certain time without missing a single dose in order to ensure survival from the diseas e. In fact, unbeknownst to Lucas or many other individuals who have contracted HIV virus and have been tested, and individual with HIV could survive up to the normal lifespan of human beings given that they either take their medicine every day in regularly without missing a single dose or insuring proper leadership to keep their immune system up if their white blood cell counts have not except gone below 300 (Veazey & Lackner, 2004).However, because of the negative convention of HIV, many people do not notice. Furthermore, the medication for HIV-positive individuals are extremely expensive (Kalichman et al. , 2000). It is up to social workers to inform individuals such as Lucas that the medications required to fight off the HIV virus and to maintain proper immune system in order to snuff it a full healthy life is actually free and provided by the health services of the local and national government without any charge.In fact, as of recently, any individual who has contracted HIV v irus and started the medication that is provided by the government have not experienced deaths over five years because of its ability (Cole, Kemeny, & Taylor, 1997). The only problem with HIV is that individuals do not know either if its deadly effects, its problems of transmission, or the fact that medicine is distributed freely by the government is once tested this positive.Lucas had only known of this fact when he had received information and help from social workers and the system of health benefits for HIV-positive individuals together with social work scenarios are kept in complete anonymity especially considering the fact that Lucas belongs to a religious sect of Christianity that condone such actions (Nelson, Rosenfeld, Breitbart, & Galietta, 2002). I, on the other hand, am a 28-year-old heterosexual female and have been raised in the country, although discussions with parents and relatives have revealed that I have some Italian and Native American roots.Also, I am deeply r eligious and view in large families, as well as a firm believer that sex should only be undergone by and by marriage as it stopped by the Catholic religion that I fervently practice. As a social worker, it is very essential to understand especially considering the two clients that have already been mentioned earlier in this paper of the various contexts they are coming from. In fact, one of the most problematic approach is especially in social work is if we have social workers immediately instigate judgment upon individuals.These two identities, although significantly different from each other and even significantly different from my own, require introspection and interface because it is only through understanding their local social and cultural context would I be able to understand the way they think and therefore also be able to formulate plans on how to help these individuals and even be able to help other in the victuals who belong to the same social and cultural majority or minority in the future.For example, in the case of Jessica, perhaps it may not be logical for me as a American citizens understand why she doesnt go to healthcare facilities immediately when she feels pain and parts of her body, but then recognise that her cultural perspective is that from the Philippines and a small room village community where elements usually go away or if they dont, are addressed by local medicines and she looks.However, unbeknownst to these individuals is that some diseases like the ones that have been experienced by Lucas could only be seen after relative medical examinations and tests have been performed by investigate facilities and hospitals which look specifically for signs, symptoms, and ailments as a result of years of study by medical professionals in their fields (Woloschuk & Tarrant, 2002).Also, as another example, from the point of view of Lucas, being raised as a Christian Baptist immediately raises a problem in the issue of homosexuality much more the issue of having contracted HIV because of his many experiences and sexual encounters. Perhaps, from my point of view, it would have been illogical for him not to seek treatment immediately. However, what I essential remember again is that from his cultural point of view and perspective especially from the perspective of religion and family being a homosexual is a sin not only to local family members but even to his fate as well much more contracting the deadly HIV virus.As a social worker, even though I believe that sex should only be done after marriage and done in full fidelity to your partner, if I really wanted to help Lucas, I would not deliver this judgment just because of my own cultural Mormon perspective but rather understand it from his point of view and realized that health, among others, must trump the cards from the perspective of my duty as a social worker. References Brown, D. E. , & James, G. D. (2000).Physiological stress responses in Filipino-American immigrant nurses the effects of residence time, life-style, and job strain (Vol. 62, pp. 394400). Am Psychosomatic Soc. Cole, S. W. , Kemeny, M. E. , & Taylor, S. E. (1997). Social identity and physical health accelerated HIV progression in rejection-sensitive gay men. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 320. Huang, S. , & Yeoh, B. S. (1996). Ties that bind state policy and migrant female domestic helpers in Singapore.Geoforum, 27(4), 479493. Kalichman, S. C. , Benotsch, E. , Suarez, T. , Catz, S. , Miller, J. , & Rompa, D. (2000). Health literacy and health-related knowledge among persons living with HIV/AIDS. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18(4), 325331. Monzon, R. B. (1995). Traditional medicine in the treatment of parasitic diseases in the Philippines. Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 26(3), 421428. Nelson, C. J. , Rosenfeld, B. J. , Breitbart, W. , & Galietta, M. (2002).Spirituality, religion, and depression in the term inally ill (Vol. 43, pp. 213220). Acad Psychosom Med. Solomon, L. , Stein, M. , Flynn, C. , Schuman, P. , Schoenbaum, E. , Moore, J. , et al. (1998). Health services use by urban women with or at risk for HIV-1 infection the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes and human retrovirology prescribed publication of the International Retrovirology Association, 17(3), 253. Veazey, R. S. , & Lackner, A. A.(2004). Getting to the guts of HIV pathogenesis (Vol. 200, pp. 697700). The Rockefeller University Press. Woloschuk, W. , & Tarrant, M. (2002). Does a rural educational experience influence pupils likelihood of rural practice? Impact of student background and gender. Journal of Rural Health, 18(4), 492. Zhang, A. Y. , Snowden, L. R. , & Sue, S. (1998). Differences between Asian and White Americans help seeking and utilization patterns in the Los Angeles area. Journal of Community Psychology, 26(4).

Determinants of Satisfaction on Smartphones Among Students (Malaysia)

A ingest ON THE DETERMINANTS OF delight ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS BY EMMANUEL PANPALAN RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DEGREE OF BA (HONS) ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE LEVEL 6/ YEAR 3 IN TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY & SEGI UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA 14 DECEMBER 2012 TEESSIDE UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL A date ON THE DETERMINANTS OF contentment ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES PROJECT REPORT CERTIFICATION 1. I confirm that the work in this Project base is original and has been carried verboten by me as lift off of my programme of bring. 2.I confirm that either secondary material has been rightly acknowledged by me and referenced in this work. Signed. Name EMMANUEL A/L PANPALAN Date 14th regretsember 2012 Course B. A. (HONS) IN ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE 2 A contract ON THE DETERMINANTS OF propitiation ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS ACKNOWLEGDEMENT Thank you is a very small word compargon to the instigate that I get for completing this enquiry paper. Firstly, I would ilk to thank Ms. Hung Mun Siew for un-dividing time, advices, comments and encour periodments which really a virtuoso to practise well. God bless her works.Secondly, I would like to convey my gratitude to my p atomic number 18nts for existence thither and providing Love, resource, space, necessity and moral support at needed times. Thirdly, I would like to convey my gratitude to my friends who are in that respect for me, who I elicit call at any time for their advice for fulfilling this paper. Fourthly, to all respondents for my survey, thank you for helping me through with(predicate) responding to the survey that been distributed. Lastly, to the churchman God who had given me this opportunity to fulfill this task. -Merci Beacoup- 3 A say ON THE DETERMINANTS OF joy ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSABSTRACT Smart ph anes practice session and sales overhear miscarry overnight. Smart straits are expected to be as influential as it will be seen as necessity rather than luxury. in that location are a couple of(prenominal) advantages of skilful knells one of it is wireless internet, inter operation, mobility and flexibility, furtherto a greater extent, facilitates the potential adoption of forward-looking mobile actions. Therefore, it is necessary to know the port of substance ab exercisers and the possibility of use of healthys and servicesr to satisfy with their briskness send fors. The take aim of this take away is to ascertain out what really drives cheer which is utility program, escortability, ease of use and economic consumption of bright phones.This question has to be done to maintain and to hike up the usage and sales. This research could be helpful to industry and users of all sweet phones technology base industries. In this research, 250 wondernaires will be passed to SEGI college student to answer and the resolvent will be examine use SPSS software. 4 A take away ON THE DETERMI NANTS OF joy ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS TITLE page PAGE NUMBER 1 PROJECT REPORT CERTIFICATION 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3 ABSTRACT 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 list OF TABLES 8 LIST OF DIAGRAMS 9 CHAPTER1 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 1. 5 1. 6 1. 7 INTRODUCTION Background of Study Problem statement motivating of Study inquiry Objectives Research Questions Hypotheses Significance of study 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 5 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 8 1. 9 Structure of Dissertation Summary 14 15 CHAPTER 2 2. 0 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 2. 6 2. 7 Literature Review establishment atonement Usefulness Understandability Enjoyment embossment of use abstract Framework Summary 16 16 16 17 19 21 23 25 25 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 0 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 3. 7 3. 8 3. 9 3. A Introduction Research innovation Research Methodology Questionnaire Design Sample Sampling Frame Data collection Method Statistical technique pilot lamp tribulat ion Limitation Summary 26 27 27 28 30 31 31 32 33 34 34 6 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 4. 2 4. 3 4. 4 4. 5 4. 6 Introduction Rate of Response Demographic Details Factor compend Regression Summary 35 35 35 35 41 50 51 CHAPTER 5 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4 5. 5 APPENDIX REFERENCES ETHICAL CONCLUSION Introduction Conclusion Recommendation Reflection Summary 52 52 52 52 53 54 55 65 69 7A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS LIST OF TABLES TABLE circuit card 3. 8. 1 dodge 3. 8. 2 tabulate 4. 2. 1 Table 4. 2. 2 Table 4. 3. 1 Table 4. 3. 2 Table 4. 3. 3 Table 4. 3. 4 Table 4. 3. 5 Table 4. 4. 1 Table 4. 4. 2 Table 4. 4. 3 Table 4. 4. 4 Table 4. 5 DESCRIPTION plate Processing Summary reliableness Statistics Case Processing Summary Reliability Statistics sexuality Education Field of study Brand old age analysis correlativity coefficient for Usefulness Correlation for Understandability Correlation for Enjoyment Correlation for Ease of Use Regression PAGE NUMBER 33 33 35 35 36 37 39 39 41 43 44 47 49 51 8A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS LIST OF DIAGRAMS DIAGRAM 4. 3. 1 4. 3. 2 4. 3. 4 4. 3. 5 DESCRIPTION Gender Education Field of Study Brand PAGE NUMBER 37 39 41 42 9 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the background of study, Problem statement, motivation of study, research objective, research question, hypotheses, conditional relation of study, and structure of dissertation. 1. 1 Background of study In this population where rapid is non a word and when technology is no longer a luxury but a necessity.It is really important for the manufacturer to fill in up with innovative idea to match new technological world. Smartphone is expected to be a conqueror in mobile phones world as the user of Smartphone applications programme is growing day by day. The designer flip phone is so influential is because of its functions. As caseful, wireless internet connection, interactivity, mobility and flexibility, which also potential to new mobile application. Currently, the usage of cell phones has raised up rapidly and a drastic change over past decade. Smart phones currently are use to enhance neighborly kinships.And they engender change due to time and advancement of technology. A study denominates that 43% of Australian and 17% of Malaysian are exploitation lustrousingphone and that number is increasing rapidly (Ellis 2011). Some of examples of briskphones are the iPhone by Apple Inc, Galaxy series by Samsung, blackberry, HTC and many more. Smart phones are patterned in an utmost way where their functions and features would match the needs of their users in these case are students. Smartphones function as both mobile communication devices and computers, and allow people to use them to connect to the internet. Its expected that internet-capable mobile devices will be the most common way for people to access the internet by 2013? (Ellis 2011) 10 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS According to an industry survey by The Insight Research Corporation (IRC) the Asia-Pacific region has had a compound yearbook growth step of 17. 9 percent over the past decade, buoyed by China and India. There are over 800 million cell phone subscribers forthwith in China alone. (Anusha Sethuraman, May 6, 2011). Moreover, dependence on social births, the technologies are improved to suit peoples desire and needs.These ever improving technologies melt down to change the lifestyle and habits of their users who would demand for more improvements. The foregoing do work would be cyclic and would not end unless otherwise new technologies are developed and tack the original technologies. Thus, when publishing changes, society will also change. Global sales are ramping up to o. By the second quarter of 2011 mobile phone sales to end users measureed 325. 6 million units, a 13. 8 percent increase from the same period in 2010, according to Garner, Inc. Of these sales, 19 percent were accounted for by anguish phones.To catch up these figures it is really vital to build felicity among users. (Mark Brownlow, April 2012) it is expected a certain matter would make user to continue support thus, sustain in the business. 11 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 2 Problem statement Although, the usage of newphone is widely accepted in Malaysian lifestyle, in that respect a still UN-satisfy people who still stupefy a doubt in using a smartphone, and people who using one dont realize all this expect in their life.This research believed to help to boost the usage of smartphones and company who manufacturing improve in times to come. 1. 3 Motivation of study The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors t hat go through the enjoyment of smart phone among students in Malaysia. In other word, determinants of students will be studied using foursome factors, Perceived good, perceive understandability, perceived enjoyment, and perceived ease of use. Simply the Motivation of the study is to understand the need of users which determining their gaiety. . 4 Research objectives (R01) To appoint the factors that drives satisfaction to use the Smartphone applications, (R02) To identify whether understandability on smart phones will effect satisfaction (R03) To identify whether easy of using the smart phones will effect satisfaction (R04) To identify whether enjoyment of using Smart phones effect satisfaction 12 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 5 Research question (RQ1) Does the serviceableness of smart phones will lead to satisfaction? RQ2) Does understandability on smart phones will effect satisfaction? (RQ3) Does approachability of using smart phones effect satisfaction? (RQ4) Does enjoyment bits main a role in satisfaction in smart phones? 1. 6 Hypothesis H1a usefulness has impact on satisfaction H1b understandability has impact on satisfaction H1c enjoyment has impact on satisfaction H1d ease of using has impact on Satisfaction 1. 7 Significance of study To improve users and industry of smart phone, this research will open up riskyger scope of knowledge regarding smart phones and their usage.It will be particularly be beneficial for future telecommunication companies and phone makes. They can work together to provide better service in rapidly changing world. 13 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 8 Structure of Dissertation There are five chapters discussed in this study. Chapter one is the introduction where the background of smartphones is explained briefly, followed by the problem statement of the dissertation, the research aim and objectives, the scope of th is study, and also the contribution of this study.In chapter two of this study, secondary sources are use to collect the information on determinants which make students satisfy with their smartphones. The critical points of this study are reviewed using the findings in the journal articles theoretically. This chapter is meant to update the user of this study with the tie in literatures of this research and also as a guide for future studies. Chapter three of this research is the research methodological analysis. In this chapter, the research design and methodology are discussed. withal the purpose and design of the survey instrument which is the questionnaires has been explained.The conceptual example, pilot testing, data collection method, sample apply for this study, data analysis, and also the limitation of research methodology has been explained. Next in chapter four the data analysis results are discussed. The data gained from the survey are analyzed using the SPSS software . The findings on the blood amidst the sovereign variables and the dependent variable were tested along with the hypotheses. Finally chapter five of this study is foc utilize on the conclusion and recommendations of this study.Relevant tables and diagram has also been included in this research for easier understanding of the user of this study. 14 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 1. 9 Summary In conclusion, as above the background, Problem statement, motivation, objectives, questions, hypotheses and importation has been identified for the research. 15 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0 Introduction This chapter discusses literature review, summary and conceptual framework.That related to research. 2. 1 Satisfaction In 1965s Rolling stones famed with a song called Satisfaction, which goes I cant get no satisfaction, I cant get no satisfaction, Cause I try and I try and I try and I try I cant get no, I cant get no. that portrays perfectly and speaks closely human nature. Although it just a song lyric, it raise a question what exactly is satisfaction they also speaks of difficulties an case-by-case might face from arduous try to get satisfaction from consumption, usage, institution, government and kin. (Richard, 2010) According to oxford ictionaries defined satisfaction as fulfillment of ones wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived from it. Satisfaction is derived from Latin Satis, where it style (enough) and Facere means (to do or make). It can be taken as a product or service where one makes a point to say enough I am fulfilled. client satisfaction can be precisely defined as psychological state which get when emotion of surrounding disconfirmed expectation is combined with the consumers feelings about the experience before and present. (Richard, 1981) 16 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG S TUDENTSThe user satisfaction which is student in this case is really important because it relate to other important variables. This often proved as a success on how a determinant relate with the satisfactions. This will unconsciously lead to success, sustainability, intention to buy more, and customer loyalty. It is important factor to remember also that a consumer who satisfied will confine a continuous expectation and to meet it up is a challenge for any business. (Liao c, cc9) and satisfaction is really vital for students as their vegetable marrow can change so fast according to circumstances. 2. Usefulness In this rapid changing world, it is hard to sustain the interest of students for one certain thing. For example if smartphones are not as needed by student they might switch to notepad and so on. So it is really important for any smart phone producer to pack their stuff which can still keep the flame. Usefulness is rooted back from the word useful which means capable of do ing or achieving something supportive that brings advantage (Macmillan Dictionary, 2011). It goes same to the smart phones usefulness if the usefulness is significant there is chance it can create satisfaction if a particular task could be done. Hsi-Peng Lu, Philip Yu-Jen Su, cc9) A user will believe that a system has a positive use-performance family if the system has high perceived usefulness (Davis, 1989). 17 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Other than that, a smart phones study that is based on 7,275 smart phone customer experiences, found that smart phone users who access social media sites like Facebook and Twitter through their mobile device report a 783 satisfaction rating. This is about 22 points higher than those who do not access social networks on their smart phones.This shows the usefulness do impact the satisfaction (Daily tech. com, 2012). In other research by Hsi-Peng Lu, and Philip Yu-Jen Su, cc9 stated that care for has s ignificant value is on customer satisfaction. It also state that value is at heart of what consumers needs from business. (Babin et al. , 1994) In other research it been give tongue to as new world emerging there will be a difference in education design too. Learning design is perceived as a lifelong journey of learning and continues education. This is not simple, as learning environment also has to take into account.It is difficult matter where learner and technologies come together, in both party must come together and adapt their framework. Nevertheless organizations and students should know mobile learning is really essential and it is one form of satisfaction where everything can be done anywhere. (Ana Dias, 2012) Lastly, its great to see how many uses a smartphones can provide a student, Mobile map, satellite view, Wikipedia items, cultural flattidets, photos sharing, pose places, movies, restaurants, social media, It can also be said world is in a palm. entirely this nece ssity that smartphone met create satisfaction not only with students but even working adults. (Martijn Pannevis, 2007) 18 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. 3 Understandability Understandability is an act where user knows how to use particular applications and knows the elements of smart phones. In a July 2011 Modapt Inc Morrissey & Company conducted an online survey focuse on the mobile Web experience. People like using their smart phones to obtain information, but are often frustrated by trying to navigate clumsy user interfaces and download data.And the result shows in that understandability do plays vital role in satisfaction. (Seybold report, 2011) And other Malaysian report stated that understandability do make a differences in creating satisfaction. It stated that men are more indulge in period of play and accessories which can be really fast frustrated if they cant understand the system works which cause less satisfaction. (Mohd A zam Osman, 2011) In another study behavior of certain user is taken into account. The main one is Anxiety it is refer as negative emotions in cognitive states. These emotions evoke au sotic or imaginary interactions with mobile using.Igbaria,Iivari (1995, p. 593) goes on to say, person who experience high take aim anxiety are more fond to behave rigidly then person who have low. In short, people are expected to be relax and avoid any kind feelings that invoke anxious (Compeau and Higgins, 1995), especially when they operate smartphones. On the other hand person who understand and comfortable are more likely to feel satisfy. As an example, when the customers are in payment processes, they handle about pressing the wrong buttons on the so much app and buttons, thus losing money. In other word negative emotions may come from imagination or physical experiences.Number of previous studies found that 19 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS anxiety had a significantly negative influence on information system adoption (Compeau et al. , 1999 McFarland and Hamilton, 2006). In another study handling and understanding smart phone refers to individual assessment of their ability to perform a specific task while using their smart phone. Several studies have found that emotions can constraint people from performing skillfully. In other terminology people who feel anxiety gives a negative effect on one are perceived understandability thus, creating dissatisfaction (Compeau et al. 1999 Fagan et al. , 2003). Several police detectives examined that the greater the user understand and capability belief will lead to the greater the users intrinsic motivation (Compeau and Higgins, 1995 Deng et al. , 2004). In addition, a person can also have believes, that an action surely has a reaction, but if a person has entertain serious doubts about whether they can perform the necessary activities. Information about outcomes does not influence of th eir behavior, it is also necessary to understand the impact of ones perceived level of skillfulness, under stability on the expectations of the smart phones (1977, p. 93) 20 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. 4 Enjoyment In this current age Smartphones are playing a vital role in society. Application as touch and voice activated or, multiple apps have been developed for various purposes, catering work and enjoyment. Apps allow a person to shop, demonstrate, play games, listen music, send and share information, photos and stay virtually connected with all of our family and friends.The available apps that been cater for use is extends beyond of the limits of our imagination, which most also use smartphones as mindless distraction to idle time away. (Lynn, 2012) The effect of enjoyment/ fun could not be overruled in smart phone using especially for students. distinct concepts have been used to explain the importance of student emotions in ad option of smart phones Fun (Pagani, 2004) Enjoyment (Curran and Meuter, 2007), and Perceived Enjoyment (Nysveen, 2005), According to Kim (2008) enjoyment is a very important predictor of the adoption of smartphone.This opinion agreed by (Fang et al, 2005) who found the perceived fun influences student and customers attitude but only for gaming tasks. Meanwhile, the effect of fun was found not to be so important for general and important business task. (Bruner, 2005) continue to say that fun is positively influenced by ease of use and that has been even more important effect on the attitude toward the act that usefulness. This opinion have been supported by (Curran, 2007) who says enjoyment is more important than utility. 21 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSIn other research, when it comes to banking context (Hong et al, 2008) experimented smartphones usage and came to conclusion that enjoyment plays a big part in attitude towards the context u sing of smart phones information services and entertainment services. In addition, (Dabholkar, 2002) continue to say enjoyment can be said that fun can be forerunner to attitude. In same meaning (Verkasalo, 2008) says that enjoyment has a clear positive effect on attitude towards usage of smartphones, as tested ranging from e-mailing to instant messaging.Besides that, (Nysveen et al, 2005) portrayed that enjoyment is a vital determinant which can create satisfaction of users especially students in using smart phones. The report goes on to say that enjoyment is really strong determinant of intentions to use for female than males (Pagani, 2004) In addition, (Pagani, 2004) create a ideal where enjoyment is a really an important factor towards satisfaction in using smart phones. Moreover, for students it is really vital to have enjoyment in life. 22 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 2. Ease of use In this current world, time become so limited whe re people using time as good as possible, due to that, students have very high urge for convenience where they are able to use their smartphones any time, any place (Genova, 2010). Since there are great revival in mobile revolution, the smart phones is now portable, it is tied to individuals not one place (Holub et al, 2010). In (Lu, 2009) report says that consumers can perform smartphones transaction in very bizarre circumstances which have severe time constraints, such as, waiting for friend or waiting for traffic different eskstop and laptop place in home or one certain place. This indirectly makes users to become highly dependent on smartphones to get informations, by browsing and clicking to access their smartphones wherever they are such as, relax at home, travel overseas and so on (Genova, 2010). According to (Stephen, 2009) normal mobile phone and laptops is included for consumers convenience and the functions increase the rate and satisfaction of the users especially stude nts (Hahn, 2010). In other view, Social is very important factor in life, what is the use one has everything but dont have a relationship.According to (Tikkanen, 2009) research Social needs interactions between individual, friends, family, pigeonholing members as clubs, churches and so on. This needs sure enough increases dependency on students and users on smartphones unconsciously gives satisfaction for users. It also allows user to be more versatile and increased usage for communication and maintaining relationships between and among individuals (Lippincott, 2010). 23 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSAccording to (Wei, 2006) research, it been said that user who are using smartphones are high involved in social needs and people who are needed social dependence easily discovered. Since, interaction or social networking has been included in smartphones it brings a lot of changes in social hike up (Morgan, 2010). The norm of keeping in touch with existing group of friends and contact especially students, create a chance for them to meet offline and encourages more engagement with peers and come up with beneficial idea of organizing charity and so on.Social network such twitter and Facebook pave ways for students to engage in activity as such (Raskin, 2006). Smart phones encourage users especially students to satisfy their needs, and they are able to connect with peers through social networking sites any time anywhere, which create satisfaction for students (Bridges et al, 2010). It can be said that smartphones are really vital and important mediator between satisfaction and ease of use everywhere and anytime (Wei, 2006). 24 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS . 6 Conceptual Frameworks Usefulness Understandability Students Satisfaction Enjoyment Ease of Use 2. 7 Summary This chapter comprises of usefulness, understandability, enjoyment and ease of use of smart phones towards satisf action and it believed and proved the independent variable and dependent variable goes in hand in hand. It also contains conceptual framework to support. And literature reviews do support positively towards the research proposed. 25 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSCHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3. 0 Introduction Research methodology can be said as searching for knowledge and it is narrowed down to a certain topic, subject and title of respect using a scientific and systematic manner. it is a way to solve problem systematically (Dr. Kothari, 2008). The main purpose why the research has been done is to determine whether the factors are affecting the satisfaction of smartphones among students. In order to test the hypothesis mentioned in chapter 2 literature review, a set of self-administered questions were developed.The main objective of this research is to study the students perception towards smartphones satisfaction, the targeted population would b e mainly those students in SEGI University who using smartphones. This chapter discusses the samples, sample distribution frame, data collection methods and statistical techniques 26 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 1 Research Design Research design is basically about how this research have been done, its plan or structure which involves identifying the problem, then crumple datas and lastly analyze and gain results there are lot of type of design to the research.Researcher have chosen the cross regional design which involves to collect a collection of data on more than one case at one particular time frame. This is to collect a group of three-figure or quantifiable data related with variables. Where, researcher uses to analyze, understand the relationships and pattern. 250 questionnaire forms were collected from respondents via convenience method and snowball method. This study is only utilized duodecimal research design. Researcher will analyze the score and result to know whether the variables do match the satisfaction for smart phones users. . 2 Research Methodology Research methodology is basically about the method researcher used, either qualitative or denary. In this research quantitative been used, Quantitative method is a about group of data been collected using inferential approach which means the survey is based research where certain amount of sample of population is used to conduct the survey. This research uses questionnaires and the usually the information gained will be similar as it is been standardized.This is because every respondent who participate in this research are necessary to answer the same exact question. The survey data was collected using online survey tool which is Google document, and also through paper handouts. 27 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 3 Questionnaire design The survey instrument used in this research is questionnaires w here about two hundred (sets of questionnaire have been distributed to students in SEGI University and all the people in my Facebook friend list all over Klang Valley to get their responds accordingly.The questionnaires are to analyze and research few main factors which can effect satisfaction of smartphones among students 1) Usefulness 2) Understandability 3) Enjoyment 4) Ease of use 5) Satisfaction In this questionnaire there are two section named as 1 and 2. The 1 section is mainly about demographic details which are designed to collect information on demographic details. (I. e. Gender, Age, highest qualification, smart phones brand). On the other hand, the second section is factor analysis. In this section there are 5 plane sections which consist of usefulness, understandability, enjoyment, ease of use and satisfaction.The prototypal division is usefulness. This division is created to bank note the This usefulness of smartphones towards satisfaction as per respondents view. d ivision has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the 28 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS agreement on a five point scale ranging from potently agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The second division is Understandability. This division is created to measure the understandability towards satisfaction.This division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The third division is enjoyment. This division is created to measure the enjoyment towards satisfaction. This division has four statements that address this. Respondents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The fourth division is Ease of Use. This division is created to measure the ease of use towards satisfaction.This division has four statements that address this. Respon dents were asked to rate the agreement on a five point scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (5) The fifth division is satisfaction. This division is created to measure the overall satisfaction on smart phones from the respondents. This division has three statements and one statement will be chosen. 29 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 4 -Samples The method that been performed is quantitative research method. As in this case survey.Cross sectional survey is done to gather information about usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and understandability towards satisfaction among smart phones user. Below are criteria of potential sample. 1) Inclusion criteria a) Students aged between 19 and 25 years old in SEGI College in Malaysia were included. b) Students who are able to read and write in face language. c) Students with smart phones 2) Exclusion criteria a) Only students are allowed to participate in this research. b) Studen ts who are unable to read and write in English language. c) Students who dont own Smart phones. 0 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 5 Sampling frame A total of two hundred fifty (250) questionnaires been distributed to the students within SEGI College as for data collection in order to measure the respondents in different aspects to r to each one my research objective. The sampling method that is used is non-probability method. On-probability sampling can be narrowed down to two methods which are convenience, snowball sampling (Babbie, 2010). As for this study, convenience sampling is used as it is easy to perform. 3. Data collection methods Primary data type is used where questionnaires survey is done for data collection. Once all data is gathered, it been analyzed according to the objective of this research. Other than that, operationalization can be used as way to measure too as it defined where the variable is measured by explaining t he process of defining each variable, as guidance in order to make consistent measurements. (Le Roy, 2008). This research sampling was conducted in SEGI University for Data collection, due to time, place and communication barriers, it was not practical to conduct the survey in prodigious scale.A total of two-hundred and fifty (250) sets of questionnaires were distributed through online and also handouts, however only about two-hundred (200) responses were received. 31 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 7 Statistical techniques Questionnaires which have been collected after answered had been analyzed using SPSS analysis. This software is computer based software which is designed specifically for statistical analysis. In this software there are two models which are linear and no linear where linear model can make accurate analysis and reliable conclusion.Meanwhile, non- linear model is to improve the accuracy of prediction made. This SPSS s oftware can run two tests first multiple regressions and simple regression comparability means and reliability of the research. As for this study, IBM SPSS Statistic version 20. 0 is used to code and analyze the collected data. Respondents were questioned on the factors that determine their satisfaction on smart phones. A descriptive statistics that includes simple frequencies means and also percentages were computed using the demographic details from the respondents (i. e. gender, age and qualification), system.Moreover to test the hypothesis for each factor, statistical method such as Correlation was used. 32 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 3. 8 Pilot Test Pilot test is considered as an experiment in small scale to check the questionnaire reliability and validity for bigger scale. This test usually will be performed to identify the problem with materials and methods, so it can be corrected before proceeding. Pilot test is an important te st to feasibility and usefulness of the research method used to collect information.As for this Research, (20) sets of questionnaire been distributed to check the reliability and validity of prepared question. The data have been collected and analyses using reliability test to indicate the reliability and validity of the question and at a lower place are the result for section 2 part 1 part 5 Pilot test / Reliability Table 3. 8. 1 Case Processing Summary N well-grounded Cases Excluded a add up 20 0 20 % 100. 0 . 0 100. 0 a. List wise baseball swing based on all variables in the procedure. Table 3. 8. 2 Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha . 976 N of Items 17 33 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSThe table above 3. 8. 1 till 3. 8. 2 shows that there are really good internal consistency. The rate of 0. 976 in table 3. 8. 2 proved that this questionnaire is reliable enough to use these items to conduct the survey. 3. 9 Limitation There ar e a lot of limitations, in this research one of it is the title is too narrow, it is only for students. Since the respondents are full of students it makes enjoyment and entertainment looked as much more important than any other variables. Its believed those different age groups have a different kind of importance and likeness.Time constraint, as this is the final semester and there a four other exam and assignment besides this research makes it harder. Besides that, there are limitations in respondents answer as well this is because respondents might not answer the question honestly as they might have this attitude of reluctance to reveal certain information that might be personal. Respondents are more likely to manipulate their answers to look smart, just be expert by providing a positive answer or afraid being judge by researcher for their answer. This is certainly will be not reliable for the research.Besides that, people who dont use smartphones also became a limitation as its hard to classify them. Other than that, respondents might not have the time for answering the questionnaire as they are rushing for their own agenda. 3. 9 A Summary In nutshell, this chapter comprises of Introduction, samples, sampling frame, data collection and statistical analysis. This has to be done to perform the research. 34 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4. 1 Introduction This chapter is about analyzing, rate of response, reliability, demographic details and Factor analysis. . 2 Rate of Response Off the 250 questionnaires that were distributed, 50 of the surveys were deemed invalid due to incomplete questionnaire. By the end of the study, 200 questionnaires were faultless and used for analysis purposes, for a response rate of 80% Table 4. 2. 1 Reliability for 200 sets Case Processing Summary N Valid Cases Excluded a Total 200 0 200 % 100. 0 . 0 100. 0 a. List wise deletion based on all variables in the pro cedure. Tabel 4. 2. 2 Reliability Statistics Cronbachs Alpha . 976 N of Items 17 35 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS . 3 Demographic details Table 4. 3. 1 Gender Frequency per centum Valid Percent Cumulative Percent priapic 80 40. 0 60. 0 100. 0 40. 0 60. 0 100. 0 40. 0 100. 0 Valid Female 120 Total 200 Diagram 4. 3. 1 Gender 36 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS The percentage rate of male students respondents and female students respondents are 40% (80) participants and 60% (120) respectively. This shows that there are more female respondents for this study equation to male respondents, which can also indicate that there are more female smart phone user than male users.Table 4. 3. 2. Education Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent SPM STPM 30 10 15. 0 5. 0 5. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 15. 0 5. 0 5. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 15. 0 20. 0 25. 0 50. 0 100. 0 A- Level 10 Valid Diploma 50 Degree Total 100 200 37 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Diagram 4. 3. 2 Education In education you can see As for the highest qualification, the students with a Bachelor Degree shows the highest rate of 50 % which can mean that they will affect the largest part of the research compare to the other students.Those with a secondary level education show a rate of only 20%, whereas those with certificate / A-Levels / Foundation or equivalent and Diploma / Equivalent show a rate of 5% and 25% respectively. This also can mean that students with higher qualification are more aware and satisfy with the smartphones they have. 38 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Table 4. 3. 3 Field of study Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent tune 60 30. 0 70. 0 100. 0 30. 0 70. 0 100. 0 30. 0 100. 0 Valid Non- job 140 Total 200 39 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSDiagram 4. 3. 4 Meanw hile, Field of study separated between business and Non business it shows 70% of participants are 70% and 30% were Business students. Table 4. 3. 4 Brand Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 15. 0 20. 0 30. 0 65. 0 80. 0 100. 0 Iphone Blackberry HTC Valid Samsung Nokia Sony Erricson Total 30 10 20 70 30 40 200 15. 0 5. 0 10. 0 35. 0 15. 0 20. 0 100. 0 15. 0 5. 0 10. 0 35. 0 15. 0 20. 0 100. 0 40 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Diagram 4. 3. 5 Brand As for brand, a total of seven types of phone brands were given.The first highest is Samsung with 35% second will be Sony Erricson with 20%. The third will be I phone and Nokia which share 15% respectively fourth HTC with 10% and lastly blackberry with 5%. 41 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 3. 5 Age analysis Descriptive Statistics N Age Range Minimum Maximum Mean 18. 00 30. 00 Std. difference 200 12. 00 22. 1000 2. 70678 Valid N (listwise ) 200 As for age, the minimum is 18 and maximum will be 30 and all of them are students. 4. 4 Factor analysis Abbreviation used Usefulness = U, Understandability = UD, Enjoyment = E, Ease of use = EU, Satisfaction = S 4. . 1 Findings and analysis of the relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students. In this section of study, the relationship between the perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the hobby hypotheses H1 There is no significant relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction H2 There is a significant relationship between perceived usefulness and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between usefulness and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out. 2 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average_U Pearson 1 Correlation Average_U Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 462** C orrelation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) . 000 N 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 462** Average_Satisfaction **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 1 Correlation test on the relationship between the perceived usefulness and satisfaction of smart phones among students. The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses.The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that usefulness and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between usefulness and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between usefulness and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 43 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 4. Findings and analysis of the relationship between understandability and satisfaction of smart phon es among students In this section of study, the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the hobby hypotheses H1 There is no significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction H2 There is a significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between understandability and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out Correlations Average_Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 718** Correlation Average_UD Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 Average_UD . 718** **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. Correlation test on the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students. 44 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS The correlation test was use d to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that understandability and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between understandability and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between understandability and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 4. 4. Findings and analysis of the relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students In this section of study, the relationship between the enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses H1 There is no significant relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction H2 There is a significant relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between enjoyment and satisf action of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out 45 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average_Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 756** Correlation Average_E Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 756** Average_E **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 3 Correlation test on the relationship between the enjoyment and satisfaction of smart phones among students.The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that enjoyment and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between enjoyment and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 46 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 4. 4 Findings and analysis of the relationship between ease of use and satisfaction of smart phones among studentsIn this section of study, the relationship between the ease of use and satisfaction of smart phones among students is determined to confirm the following hypotheses H1 There is no significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction H2 There is a significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction In order to analyze the relationship between ease of use and satisfaction of smartphones among students, the correlations test was carried out 47 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average Satisfaction Pearson 1 Correlation Average_Satisfaction Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson . 865** Correlation Average_EU Sig. (2-tailed) N . 000 200 200 1 200 . 000 200 . 865** Average_EU **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 1 level (2-tailed). Table 4. 4. 4 Correlation test on the relationship between the understandability and satisfaction of smart phones among students. The correlation test was used to determine the significance of hypotheses. The results are presented as above. The p-values of 0. 000 and 0. 000 shows that ease of use and satisfaction on smart phones among students are related, the test shows a relationship between ease of use and satisfaction on smart phones among students. Therefore hypothesis H1 is rejected since hypothesis H2 is proved to be accepted as there is a significant relationship between ease of use and satisfaction on Smartphones among students. 48A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 5 Regression To find out the strongest and most influenced determinant to attain satisfaction, a regression test is used. This linear regression in the table below shows that, ease of use have a high R value compare to other va riable which is 0. 865. It also means that ease of use plays a vital role in satisfaction among students. 49 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Correlations Average Averag _Satisfac e_U tion Average_Satisfaction Pearso Average_U n Average_UD Correlat Average_E ion Average_EU Average_Satisfaction Average_U Sig. 1Average_UD tailed) Average_E Average_EU Average_Satisfaction Average_U N Average_UD Average_E Average_EU . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 200 200 200 200 200 . .000 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 200 200 200 200 200 . 000 . 000 . .000 . 000 . 865 . .000 . 769 . 000 . .910 . 000 . 000 . 908 . 000 . 000 1. 000 . 000 . 000 . 756 . 840 . 938 1. 000 . 908 . 718 . 853 1. 000 . 938 . 910 . 462 1. 000 . 853 . 840 . 769 1. 000 . 462 . 718 . 756 . 865 Average _UD Averag e_E Average _EU Table 4. 5 50 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4. 6 Summary These chapters consiste d of rate of response, reliability test, test on demographic and factor analysis. 51A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5. 1 Introduction This chapter includes Conclusion, recommendation and Reflection. 5. 2 Conclusion The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of satisfaction on smart phones among students. There are four factors used in this study to find out whether it can obtain satisfaction towards the students. This research were extracted from various existing articles which are perceived usefulness of smartphones, perceived enjoyment that smartphones provide, perceived understandability, perceived ease of use towards satisfaction of smartphones among students.Based on the survey done on the four determinants towards satisfaction, the result shows a significant relationship between all of them, which conclude that, this, four determinant is important for satisfaction on smartphones among students. 5. 3 Recommendation In this research, targeted samples were taken randomly from people who research see, and know. Therefore in future researcher may fatten out their research throughout Malaysia bigger sample size from all kind of class as from students to working adults should be taken for much bigger picture Secondly, this research is focused on determinant of satisfaction among students so in future researcher can study in detailed the other factors which can help to raise satisfaction.Lastly, a detailed research on the comparison between the users and non-users of smart phones can be done to determine the image and expectancy of users. 52 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 5. 4 Reflection Reflection basically means the act of reflecting or the state of being reflected, it can be also telling out what a researcher have gone through for months he takes up this research. Researchers have taken up the title Determinant of satisfaction of s mart phones among students. This is because researcher had a deep interest in smart phones and constantly had a curiosity how to get to know and expand the knowledge in this section.This research personally have enlighten researcher in and out of smartphones through the reading of articles, it also have enlighten researcher with social perception and motive of users. The process of undertaking the project dint deviates in any way compare to proposal. Researchers have planned earlier for proposal itself and it just needed to expand it. Supervisor was really helpful in a way to gives more ideas to expand the literature reviews and matter which comes with it. The only thing that deviates from proposal is more word counts and vast information on smartphones. Researchers have included more informations on satisfaction and its relevance to users, business and corporate who might use it. Research project have a certain process and flow process as follows.Firstly, Identification of researc h problem is to determine the determinants to attain satisfaction in this process researcher learned that it is important to identify the problem in a situation. Secondly, problem and statement objective, in this process researcher learn to state the problem and objective of certain problem not only reckon about it. Thirdly, research question, in this process learn to ask a proper and relevant question for the problem to get a conclusion. Fourthly, literature review in this process researcher learn to use previous or past examples that related to the problem as reference and move in to the goal. Fifthly, quantitative research 53 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS ethods, in this process researcher have learned to find a proper channel to calculate and analyze the problems. Sixthly, survey instruments, in this process researcher have learn to communicate to users or people who related to study without being ask a lot of wrong questions. A prope r questionnaire is a good answer. Seventhly, pilot test, in this process researcher have learn that even been assumed a proper question have been readied mistakes are there, correction is needed for perfection. Next, data collection, in this process researcher have learn that there a lot of way to communicate with person and media and surveys are one and relevant. Lastly, data analysis, in this researcher learned that there are always results for good or bad.And in this research it is good. There are a lot of limitations in this research, one of the main one is limitation on topic to student, the reason why researcher find this can be limitation is because, students are mostly prone to enjoyment and playing games, this might be a big change in the research perception. If in future researcher want to differently, researcher may expand the sample size to more than 500 samples and researcher would increase the class size from students to many other classes. This study can be helpful fo r all phones industry and its easier to get a large picture of users needs in smartphones and sustainability of smartphone industry. 5. Summary These chapters have included Conclusion, Recommendation and Reflection. 54 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS APPENDIX A GANTT CHART OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 2012 Activities /Month Research details Coordination with Relevant agencies and Parties Literature Review Questionnaire Design Pilot Testing Revision of questionnaires Selection of respondents Administration of canvas Data Analysis Report Writing Dissemination of draft for discussion Dissemination Report of final Topic/relevant April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 55 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSAPPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRES Hi, my name is Emmanuel A/L Panpalan (SCM-013826), currently studying Bachelor of Accounting and pay of Teesside University in SEGi University, Kota Damansara. I am conducting a rese arch project to fulfill requirements for my Final year Thesis. The research is STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS. Your individual response will be kept private and confidential. My report will reveal group findings for academic presentations and publications only. Your participation in this study will pay further to the field of communication in Malaysia. Thank you for participating in this research project.Background Instruction Answer all questions Section 1 1. Gender Male / Female 2. Age ______ 3. What is the highest education level you have completed? (Tick one only) o SPM o STPM o A-Level o Diploma 56 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS o Degree o Post-graduate 4. What is your major field of study? o Business o Non Business 5. What brand of smart phone do you use (Tick one only) o iPhone o Blackberry o HTC o Samsung o Nokia o LG o Sony Ericsson 57 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHO NES AMONG STUDENTS Answer all questions Section 2 Factor Analysis Circle the number in the box provided for most purloin response.Only ONE number needs to be circled for each question. Please answer ALL the questions in SECTION 2 according to the scale as below Strongly Disagree 5 Disagree 4 Neutral.. 3 Agree2 Strongly Agree1 1. USEFULLNESS Find the Smartphone application useful 5 in my daily life Using the Smartphone application helps 5 me accomplish things more quickly Using the my Smartphone chances of application 5 achieving 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 improves things I find important I echo App monetary fund provide the useful 5 4 3 2 1 58 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS Smartphone applications 2.UNDERSTABILITY App store clearly provides the classified 5 smart phone application menu App store provides detailed information 5 about the smart phone application App store provides detailed manual 5 about the smart phone application App store provides detailed information 5 about the smart phone application 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 function 3. ENJOYMENT I think it is fun to use Smartphone 5 application 4 3 2 1 I think the process of using Smartphone 5 application would be pleasant I think using Smartphone application 5 would bring me pleasure I enjoy using Smartphone application 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 59 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTS 4.EASE OF USE My interaction with the Smartphone 5 application is clear and understandable Interaction with the Smartphone 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 application does not require a lot of my mental endeavor I find it easy to get the Smartphone 5 application to do what I want it to do I find the Smartphone application to be 5 easy to use 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5. SATISFACTION My overall experience of Smartphone 5 application use was very satisfied. 4 3 2 1 END Thank you very much for your participation If you have any additional thoughts, suggestions, qu estions, or comments, feel free to contact me via email at emailprotected com 60 A STUDY ON THE DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION ON SMARTPHONES AMONG STUDENTSREFERENCES 1) Hun Choi, Yoo-Jung Choi and Ki-Mun Kim 2012 The Understanding of Building Trust pretending on Smartphone Application Focusing on Users Motivation, Viewed 3 October 2012 2) Mark Brownlow, (2012) Smartphone statistics and market share, http//www. email-marketing-reports. com/wireless-mobile/smartphone-statistics. htm Viewed 3 October 2012 3) Anusha Sethuraman, (2011) US Smart phones statistics, http//www. smartonline. com/mobile-2/us-smartphone-statistics-q1-2011-overview/ Viewed on 4 October 2012 4) Gordon Adams, (2004) Smart phones evaluation, http//inews. berkeley. edu/bcc/Fall2004/smartphones. html, Viewed on October 4, 2012 5) Report withiPhone,http//www. dailytech. om/Apple+Tops+JD+Power+Customer+Satisfactio n+Report+with+iPhone/article22684. htm, Viewed October 1, 2012 523 6) Ding Hooi Ting, Suet Fong Lim, Tanus ina Siuly Patanmacia, Ca Gie Low, Gay Tiffany Kaiser, (2011) Apple Tops J. 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